Beginning iPhone Development with Swift: Exploring the iOS SDK

Price: $37.58

The team that brought you the bestselling Beginning iPhone Development, the book that taught the world how to program on the iPhone, is back again for Beginning iPhone Development with Swift. This definitive guide to the Swift programming language and the iOS 8 SDK, and the source code has been updated to reflect Xcode 6.3.1 and Swift 1.2.

http://www.amazon.com/Beginning-iPhone-Development-Swift-Exploring/dp/1484204107

There’s coverage of brand-new technologies, including Swift playgrounds, as well as significant updates to existing material. You'll have everything you need to create your very own apps for the latest iOS devices. Every single sample app in the book has been rebuilt from scratch using the latest Xcode and the latest 64-bit iOS 8-specific project templates, and designed to take advantage of the latest Xcode features.

Assuming little or no working knowledge of the new Swift programming language, and written in a friendly, easy-to-follow style, this book offers a complete soup-to-nuts course in iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch programming. The book starts with the basics, walking through the process of downloading and installing Xcode and the iOS 8 SDK, and then guides you though the creation of your first simple application.

From there, you’ll learn how to integrate all the interface elements iOS users have come to know and love, such as buttons, switches, pickers, toolbars, and sliders. You’ll master a variety of design patterns, from the simplest single view to complex hierarchical drill-downs. The art of table building will be demystified, and you’ll learn how to save your data using the iPhone file system. You’ll also learn how to save and retrieve your data using a variety of persistence techniques, including Core Data and SQLite. And there’s much more!

What you’ll learn

• Everything you need to know to develop your own bestselling iPhone and iPad apps
• Utilizing Swift playgrounds
• Best practices for optimizing your code and delivering great user experiences
• What data persistence is, and why it’s important
• Get started with building cool, crisp user interfaces
• How to display data in Table Views
• How to draw to the screen using Core Graphics
• How to use iOS sensor capabilities to map your world
• How to get your app to work with iCloud and more

Who this book is for

This book is for aspiring iPhone app developers, new to the Apple Swift programming language and/or the iOS SDK.

Table of Contents

1. Welcome to the Swift Jungle

2. Appeasing the Tiki Gods

3. Handling Basic Interaction

4. More User Interface Fun

5. Rotation and Adaptive Layout

6. Multiview Applications

7. Tab Bars and Pickers

8. Introduction to Table Views

9. Navigation Controllers and Table Views

10. Collection Views

11. iPad Considerations

12. Application Settings and User Defaults

13. Basic Data Persistence

14. Hey! You! Get onto iCloud!

15. Grand Central Dispatch, Background Processing, and You

16. Core Graphics: Drawing with Quartz

17. Getting Started with Sprite Kit

18. Taps, Touches, and Gestures

19. Where Am I? Finding Your Way with Core Location and Map Kit

20. Whee! Gyro and Accelerometer!

21. The Camera and Photo Library

22. Application Localization

23. Appendix: A Swift Introduction to Swift

目錄

Contents

About the Authors .............................................................................................................. xxi

About the Technical Reviewer ......................................................................................... xxiii

■■Chapter 1: Welcome to the Swift Jungle ...........................................................................1

What This Book Is ..........................................................................................................................1

What You Need ..............................................................................................................................1

Developer Options ................................................................................................................................................. 3

What You Need to Know ........................................................................................................................................4

What’s Different About Coding for iOS? .........................................................................................5

Only One Active Application ................................................................................................................................... 5

Only One Window ...................................................................................................................................................5

Limited Access ......................................................................................................................................................5

Limited Response Time .........................................................................................................................................6

Limited Screen Size ............................................................................................................................................... 6

Limited System Resources .................................................................................................................................... 7

Some New Stuff .....................................................................................................................................................8

A Different Approach .............................................................................................................................................8

viii Contents

What’s in This Book .......................................................................................................................8

What’s New in This Update? ........................................................................................................10

Swift and Xcode Versions ............................................................................................................11

Are You Ready? ...........................................................................................................................11

■■Chapter 2: Appeasing the Tiki Gods .................................................................................13

Setting Up Your Project in Xcode .................................................................................................13

The Xcode Project Window .................................................................................................................................. 18

A Closer Look at Our Project ................................................................................................................................ 30

Introducing Xcode’s Interface Builder .........................................................................................31

File Formats .........................................................................................................................................................32

The Storyboard ....................................................................................................................................................33

The Library ..........................................................................................................................................................35

Adding a Label to the View .................................................................................................................................. 37

Changing Attributes .............................................................................................................................................42

Some iPhone Polish: Finishing Touches ......................................................................................44

The Launch Screen ......................................................................................................................48

Bring It on Home .........................................................................................................................50

■■Chapter 3: Handling Basic Interaction .............................................................................51

The Model-View-Controller Paradigm .........................................................................................52

Creating Our Project ....................................................................................................................53

Looking at the View Controller ....................................................................................................54

Understanding Outlets and Actions ..................................................................................................................... 56

Cleaning Up the View Controller .......................................................................................................................... 58

Designing the User Interface ............................................................................................................................... 58

Trying It Out ......................................................................................................................................................... 70

Previewing Layout ...............................................................................................................................................79

Adding Some style ............................................................................................................................................... 82

Looking at the Application Delegate ............................................................................................83

Bring It on Home .........................................................................................................................86

Contents ix

■■Chapter 4: More User Interface Fun ................................................................................87

A Screen Full of Controls .............................................................................................................87

Active, Static, and Passive Controls .............................................................................................91

Creating the Application ..............................................................................................................92

Implementing the Image View and Text Fields ............................................................................93

Adding the Image View ........................................................................................................................................93

Resizing the Image View .....................................................................................................................................96

Setting View Attributes ........................................................................................................................................98

Adding the Text Fields ........................................................................................................................................101

Adding Constraints ............................................................................................................................................108

Creating and Connecting Outlets ....................................................................................................................... 109

Closing the Keyboard ................................................................................................................111

Closing the Keyboard When Done Is Tapped ...................................................................................................... 113

Touching the Background to Close the Keyboard .............................................................................................. 113

Adding the Slider and Label .............................................................................................................................. 116

Adding More Constraints ...................................................................................................................................118

Creating and Connecting the Actions and Outlets ............................................................................................. 119

Implementing the Action Method ....................................................................................................................... 119

Implementing the Switches, Button, and Segmented Control ...................................................120

Adding Two Labeled Switches ........................................................................................................................... 122

Implementing the Switch Actions ...................................................................................................................... 124

Spiffing Up the Button ...............................................................................................................126

Stretchable Images ............................................................................................................................................127

Control States ....................................................................................................................................................128

Connecting and Creating the Button Outlets and Actions .................................................................................. 129

Implementing the Segmented Control Action ............................................................................129

Implementing the Action Sheet and Alert ..................................................................................131

Showing an Action Sheet ...................................................................................................................................131

Showing an Alert ...............................................................................................................................................135

Crossing the Finish Line ............................................................................................................136

x Contents

■■Chapter 5: Rotation and Adaptive Layout ......................................................................137

The Mechanics of Rotation ........................................................................................................138

Points, Pixels, and the Retina Display ................................................................................................................ 139

Handling Rotation ..............................................................................................................................................140

Choosing Your View Orientations ...............................................................................................140

Supported Orientations at the App Level ........................................................................................................... 140

Per-Controller Rotation Support ......................................................................................................................... 142

Designing an Interface Using Constraints .................................................................................144

Overriding Default Constraints .......................................................................................................................... 148

Full-Width Labels ...............................................................................................................................................150

Creating Adaptive Layouts .........................................................................................................153

The Restructure Application .............................................................................................................................. 153

Size Classes .......................................................................................................................................................158

Size Classes and Storyboards ........................................................................................................................... 161

Creating the iPhone Landscape Layout ............................................................................................................. 164

Adding the iPad Layout ......................................................................................................................................170

Rotating Out of Here ..................................................................................................................173

■■Chapter 6: Multiview Applications ................................................................................175

Common Types of Multiview Apps .............................................................................................175

The Architecture of a Multiview Application ..............................................................................180

The Root Controller ............................................................................................................................................183

Anatomy of a Content View ................................................................................................................................ 184

Building View Switcher .............................................................................................................184

Renaming the View Controller ........................................................................................................................... 185

Adding the Content View Controllers ................................................................................................................. 187

Modifying SwitchingViewController.swift .......................................................................................................... 187

Building a View with a Toolbar ........................................................................................................................... 188

Linking the Toolbar Button to the View Controller ............................................................................................. 191

Writing the Root View Controller ........................................................................................................................ 192

Contents xi

Implementing the Content Views ....................................................................................................................... 197

Animating the Transition ....................................................................................................................................200

Switching Off .............................................................................................................................203

■■Chapter 7: Tab Bars and Pickers ...................................................................................205

The Pickers Application .............................................................................................................206

Delegates and Data Sources .....................................................................................................211

Creating the Pickers Application ...............................................................................................212

Creating the View Controllers ............................................................................................................................ 212

Creating the Tab Bar Controller .......................................................................................................................... 213

The Initial Test Run ............................................................................................................................................217

Implementing the Date Picker ...................................................................................................218

Implementing the Single-Component Picker .............................................................................221

Building the View ...............................................................................................................................................221

Implementing the Controller As a Data Source and Delegate ............................................................................ 223

Implementing a Multicomponent Picker ...................................................................................226

Declaring Outlets and Actions ........................................................................................................................... 226

Building the View ............................................................................................................................................... 227

Implementing the Controller .............................................................................................................................. 227

Implementing Dependent Components .....................................................................................230

Creating a Simple Game with a Custom Picker .........................................................................237

Preparing the View Controller ............................................................................................................................ 237

Building the View ...............................................................................................................................................237

Implementing the Controller .............................................................................................................................. 239

Final Details .......................................................................................................................................................242

Final Spin ..................................................................................................................................246

■■Chapter 8: Introduction to Table Views .........................................................................247

Table View Basics ......................................................................................................................248

Table Views and Table View Cells ...................................................................................................................... 248

Grouped and Plain Tables .................................................................................................................................. 250

xii Contents

Implementing a Simple Table ....................................................................................................251

Designing the View ............................................................................................................................................251

Writing the Controller ........................................................................................................................................253

Adding an Image ................................................................................................................................................258

Using Table View Cell Styles .............................................................................................................................. 259

Setting the Indent Level .....................................................................................................................................262

Handling Row Selection .....................................................................................................................................263

Changing the Font Size and Row Height ........................................................................................................... 266

Customizing Table View Cells ....................................................................................................269

Adding Subviews to the Table View Cell ........................................................................................................... 269

Creating a UITableViewCell Subclass ................................................................................................................. 270

Loading a UITableViewCell from a Nib ............................................................................................................... 274

Grouped and Indexed Sections ..................................................................................................280

Building the View ...............................................................................................................................................280

Importing the Data .............................................................................................................................................280

Implementing the Controller .............................................................................................................................. 281

Adding an Index ................................................................................................................................................. 285

Implementing a Search Bar .......................................................................................................287

How Many Tables?: View Debugging .........................................................................................296

Putting It All on the Table ...........................................................................................................299

■■Chapter 9: Navigation Controllers and Table Views .......................................................301

Navigation Controller Basics .....................................................................................................302

Stacky Goodness ............................................................................................................................................... 302

A Stack of Controllers ........................................................................................................................................302

Fonts: A Simple Font Browser ...................................................................................................304

Meet the Subcontrollers ....................................................................................................................................305

The Fonts Application’s Skeleton ....................................................................................................................... 307

Creating the Root View Controller .............................................................................................311

Initial Storyboard Setup .............................................................................................................314

Contents xiii

First Subcontroller: The Font List View ......................................................................................316

Storyboarding the Font List ............................................................................................................................... 318

Making the Root View Controller Prepare for Segues ........................................................................................ 319

Creating the Font Sizes View Controller ....................................................................................320

Storyboarding the Font Sizes View Controller ................................................................................................... 322

Making the Font List View Controller Prepare for Segues ................................................................................. 322

Creating the Font Info View Controller .......................................................................................323

Storyboarding the Font Info View Controller ...................................................................................................... 324

Setting Up Constraints .......................................................................................................................................326

Adapting the Font List View Controller for Multiple Segues .............................................................................. 326

My Favorite Fonts ..............................................................................................................................................327

Table View Niceties ...................................................................................................................328

Implementing Swipe-to-Delete ......................................................................................................................... 329

Implementing Drag-to-Reorder ......................................................................................................................... 331

Breaking the Tape ......................................................................................................................333

■■Chapter 10: Collection View ..........................................................................................335

Creating the DialogViewer Project .............................................................................................335

Fixing the View Controller’s Class .............................................................................................337

Defining Custom Cells ...............................................................................................................337

Configuring the View Controller .................................................................................................341

Providing Content Cells .............................................................................................................342

Making the Layout Flow ............................................................................................................343

Providing Header Views .............................................................................................................346

■■Chapter 11: Using Split Views and Popovers .................................................................349

Building Master-Detail Applications with UISplitViewController ................................................352

The Storyboard Defines the Structure ............................................................................................................... 354

The Code Defines the Functionality ................................................................................................................... 356

How the Master-Detail Template Application Works .......................................................................................... 361

Here Come the Presidents .........................................................................................................364

Creating Your Own Popover .......................................................................................................371

xiv Contents

Split Views on the iPhone ..........................................................................................................377

Split Views on the iPhone 6 Plus ....................................................................................................................... 380

Getting the iPhone 6 Plus Behavior on All iPhones ............................................................................................ 381

Customizing the Split View ........................................................................................................384

Time to Wrap Up and Split .........................................................................................................386

■■Chapter 12: Application Settings and User Defaults ......................................................387

Getting to Know Your Settings Bundle .......................................................................................387

The Bridge Control Application ..................................................................................................389

Creating the Project ...........................................................................................................................................394

Working with the Settings Bundle ..................................................................................................................... 395

Reading Settings in Our Application .................................................................................................................. 413

Changing Defaults from Our Application ........................................................................................................... 417

Registering Default Values ................................................................................................................................. 420

Keeping It Real ..................................................................................................................................................421

Switching to the Settings Application .......................................................................................424

Beam Me Up, Scotty ..................................................................................................................424

■■Chapter 13: Basic Data Persistence ..............................................................................425

Your Application’s Sandbox .......................................................................................................426

Getting the Documents and Library Directories ................................................................................................. 428

Getting the tmp Directory .................................................................................................................................. 429

File-Saving Strategies ...............................................................................................................429

Single-File Persistence ......................................................................................................................................430

Multiple-File Persistence ...................................................................................................................................430

Using Property Lists ..................................................................................................................430

Property List Serialization .................................................................................................................................. 431

The First Version of the Persistence Application ............................................................................................... 432

Archiving Model Objects ............................................................................................................439

Conforming to NSCoding ...................................................................................................................................439

Implementing NSCopying .................................................................................................................................. 441

Archiving and Unarchiving Data Objects ........................................................................................................... 442

The Archiving Application .................................................................................................................................. 443

Contents xv

Using iOS’s Embedded SQLite3 .................................................................................................446

Creating or Opening the Database ..................................................................................................................... 447

Using Bind Variables ..........................................................................................................................................448

The SQLite3 Application .....................................................................................................................................450

Using Core Data .........................................................................................................................456

Entities and Managed Objects ........................................................................................................................... 458

The Core Data Application ................................................................................................................................. 462

Persistence Rewarded ..............................................................................................................472

■■Chapter 14: Documents and iCloud ...............................................................................473

Managing Document Storage with UIDocument .......................................................................474

Building TinyPix .................................................................................................................................................474

Creating TinyPixDocument ................................................................................................................................. 475

Code Master ......................................................................................................................................................478

Initial Storyboarding ..........................................................................................................................................485

Creating TinyPixView .........................................................................................................................................489

Storyboard Detailing ..........................................................................................................................................493

Adding iCloud Support ...............................................................................................................497

Creating a Provisioning Profile .......................................................................................................................... 498

How to Query .....................................................................................................................................................500

Save Where? ...................................................................................................................................................... 502

Storing Preferences on iCloud ........................................................................................................................... 503

What We Didn’t Cover ................................................................................................................505

■■Chapter 15: Grand Central Dispatch, Background Processing, and You ........................507

Grand Central Dispatch .............................................................................................................507

Introducing SlowWorker ...........................................................................................................508

Threading Basics .......................................................................................................................511

Units of Work .............................................................................................................................512

GCD: Low-Level Queuing ...........................................................................................................512

Improving SlowWorker ......................................................................................................................................514

xvi Contents

Background Processing ............................................................................................................520

Application Life Cycle ........................................................................................................................................521

State-Change Notifications ................................................................................................................................ 522

Creating State Lab .............................................................................................................................................523

Exploring Execution States ................................................................................................................................ 524

Using Execution State Changes ......................................................................................................................... 526

Handling the Inactive State ............................................................................................................................... 527

Handling the Background State ......................................................................................................................... 531

Grand Central Dispatch, Over and Out .......................................................................................539

■■Chapter 16: Drawing with Core Graphics ......................................................................541

Paint the World ..........................................................................................................................541

The Quartz 2D Approach to Drawing .........................................................................................542

Quartz 2D’s Graphics Contexts .......................................................................................................................... 542

The Coordinate System .....................................................................................................................................543

Specifying Colors ...............................................................................................................................................545

Drawing Images in Context ................................................................................................................................ 547

Drawing Shapes: Polygons, Lines, and Curves .................................................................................................. 547

Quartz 2D Tool Sampler: Patterns, Gradients, and Dash Patterns ...................................................................... 548

The QuartzFun Application ........................................................................................................549

Setting Up the QuartzFun Application ................................................................................................................ 549

Adding Quartz 2D Drawing Code ....................................................................................................................... 559

Optimizing the QuartzFun Application ............................................................................................................... 564

Drawing to a Close ....................................................................................................................567

■■Chapter 17: Getting Started with Sprite Kit ...................................................................569

Simple Beginnings ....................................................................................................................570

Initial Scene Customization ............................................................................................................................... 576

Player Movement ......................................................................................................................580

Adding the Player to the Scene ......................................................................................................................... 582

Handling Touches: Player Movement ................................................................................................................. 583

Geometry Calculations .......................................................................................................................................584

Wobbly Bits ........................................................................................................................................................585

Contents xvii

Creating Your Enemies ..............................................................................................................586

Putting Enemies in the Scene ...................................................................................................587

Start Shooting ...........................................................................................................................588

Defining Your Physics Categories ...................................................................................................................... 589

Creating the BulletNode Class ........................................................................................................................... 589

Applying Physics ................................................................................................................................................ 590

Adding Bullets to the Scene .............................................................................................................................. 591

Attacking Enemies with Physics ...............................................................................................593

Finishing Levels .........................................................................................................................594

Keeping Tabs on the Enemies ............................................................................................................................ 595

Transitioning to the Next Levels ........................................................................................................................ 596

Customizing Collisions ..............................................................................................................597

Adding a Class Extension to SKNode ................................................................................................................. 599

Adding Custom Collision Behavior to Enemies .................................................................................................. 600

Showing Accurate Player Lives ......................................................................................................................... 601

Spicing Things Up with Particles ...............................................................................................602

Your First Particle ..............................................................................................................................................603

Putting Particles into the Scene ........................................................................................................................ 605

The End Game ...........................................................................................................................607

At Last, a Beginning: Create a StartScene .................................................................................609

A Sound Is Worth a Thousand Pictures ......................................................................................612

Making the Game a Little Harder: Force Fields .........................................................................613

Game On ....................................................................................................................................616

■■Chapter 18: Taps, Touches, and Gestures ......................................................................617

Multitouch Terminology .............................................................................................................617

The Responder Chain ................................................................................................................618

Responding to Events ........................................................................................................................................618

Forwarding an Event: Keeping the Responder Chain Alive ................................................................................ 620

xviii Contents

The Multitouch Architecture ......................................................................................................620

The Four Touch Notification Methods ........................................................................................621

The TouchExplorer Application ..................................................................................................622

The Swipes Application .............................................................................................................626

Using Touch Events to Detect Swipes ................................................................................................................ 627

Automatic Gesture Recognition ......................................................................................................................... 630

Implementing Multiple Swipes .......................................................................................................................... 631

Detecting Multiple Taps .............................................................................................................633

Detecting Pinch and Rotation ....................................................................................................638

Defining Custom Gestures .........................................................................................................642

The CheckPlease Application ............................................................................................................................. 643

The CheckPlease Touch Methods ...................................................................................................................... 645

Garçon? Check, Please! .............................................................................................................647

■■Chapter 19: Where Am I? Finding Your Way with Core Location and Map Kit ...............649

The Location Manager ...............................................................................................................650

Setting the Desired Accuracy ............................................................................................................................ 650

Setting the Distance Filter ................................................................................................................................. 651

Getting Permission to Use Location Services .................................................................................................... 651

Starting the Location Manager .......................................................................................................................... 651

Using the Location Manager Wisely ................................................................................................................... 652

The Location Manager Delegate ................................................................................................652

Getting Location Updates ..................................................................................................................................652

Getting Latitude and Longitude Using CLLocation ............................................................................................. 652

Error Notifications ..............................................................................................................................................654

Trying Out Core Location ...........................................................................................................655

Using Location Manager Updates ...................................................................................................................... 661

Visualizing Your Movement on a Map ........................................................................................663

Changing Location Service Permissions ........................................................................................................... 667

Wherever You Go, There You Are ................................................................................................668

Contents xix

■■Chapter 20: Whee! Gyro and Accelerometer! ...............................................................671

Accelerometer Physics ..............................................................................................................671

Don’t Forget Rotation ................................................................................................................673

Core Motion and the Motion Manager .......................................................................................673

Event-Based Motion ..........................................................................................................................................674

Proactive Motion Access ...................................................................................................................................678

Gyroscope and Attitude Results ......................................................................................................................... 681

Accelerometer Results ......................................................................................................................................681

Detecting Shakes ......................................................................................................................683

Baked-In Shaking ..............................................................................................................................................683

Shake and Break ...............................................................................................................................................684

Accelerometer As Directional Controller ...................................................................................687

Rolling Marbles ..................................................................................................................................................687

Writing the Ball View .........................................................................................................................................690

Calculating Ball Movement ................................................................................................................................ 692

Rolling On ..................................................................................................................................695

■■Chapter 21: The Camera and Photo Library ...................................................................697

Using the Image Picker and UIImagePickerController ...............................................................697

Using the Image Picker Controller .............................................................................................697

Implementing the Image Picker Controller Delegate ......................................................................................... 700

Road Testing the Camera and Library .......................................................................................701

Designing the Interface .....................................................................................................................................702

Implementing the Camera View Controller ........................................................................................................ 705

It’s a Snap! ................................................................................................................................709

■■Chapter 22: Application Localization .............................................................................711

Localization Architecture ...........................................................................................................711

Strings Files ..............................................................................................................................713

What’s in a Strings File? ....................................................................................................................................713

The Localized String Function ........................................................................................................................... 714

xx Contents

Real-World iOS: Localizing Your Application ..............................................................................715

Setting Up LocalizeMe .......................................................................................................................................716

Trying Out LocalizeMe .......................................................................................................................................719

Localizing the Project ........................................................................................................................................720

Localizing the Storyboard .................................................................................................................................. 724

Generating and Localizing a Strings File ........................................................................................................... 726

Previewing Localizations in Xcode ............................................................................................731

Localizing the App Display Name ...................................................................................................................... 733

Adding Another Localization ......................................................................................................734

Auf Wiedersehen .......................................................................................................................734

■■Appendix: A Swift Introduction to Swift ........................................................................737

Index .................................................................................................................................789